Learning Goal
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Define goals and plans and explain the relationship between them.
2. Explain the concept of organizational mission and how it infl uences goal setting and planning.
3. Describe the types of goals an organization should have and how managers use strategy maps to align goals.
4. Define the characteristics of effective goals.
5. Describe the four essential steps in the management by objectives (MBO) process.
6. Explain the difference between single-use plans and standing plans.
7. Describe and explain the importance of contingency planning, scenario building, and crisis planning in today’s environment.
8. Summarize the guidelines for high-performance planning in a fastchanging environment.