Constitutional Law - Ms. Dewi Nurhalimah - IC 2024/2025

1. This is the election function.
- A process in which people vote to choose who will be members of government or parliament.
This is to give people the ability to choose the people who will represent them and make important decisions about how the country is governed.
- Choose the people to lead and give them the power to govern.
- It's a way for people to express their will and participate in democracy.

2. What is a political party?
A political party is a group of people who have the same ideas about how a country should be governed.
According to UU No. 2 of 2011.
A political party is an organization that is national in nature. It is formed by a group of Indonesian citizens who voluntarily join together. They have the same goals and beliefs. These goals and beliefs are to fight for and defend the political interests of members, society, the nation, and the state. They also work to maintain the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. They base their work on the principles of the Indonesian Constitution of 1945 and the five principles of the Indonesian Constitution.

3. The Relationship Between Representative Institutions, Political Parties, and People's Sovereignty
Representative institutions, such as parliaments and legislatures, are bodies in which elected officials make laws and decisions on behalf of the people. Political parties play a significant role in these institutions by organizing candidates, forming governments, and creating policies.
People's sovereignty means that the ultimate power belongs to the people. In a democracy, this power is expressed through elections; people vote for political parties and their representatives. Political parties help organize these choices, and representative institutions carry out the will of the people as expressed through elections.

1. The general election functions as a democratic process to choose representatives who will form the government. It allows citizens to express their political will, ensures leadership legitimacy, promotes accountability, and facilitates peaceful transitions of power.

2. A political party is an organized group that seeks to attain and maintain political power within a government, typically by participating in electoral processes. According to Miriam Budiardjo, a leading Indonesian political scientist, a political party is "an organized group whose members have the same orientation, values, and goals, and who aim to gain political power and seize political positions—usually by constitutional means—to carry out their policies."

3. Representative institutions, such as parliaments, are formed through general elections where political parties compete. Political parties act as intermediaries between the people and the government, channeling public aspirations. This reflects the principle of people’s sovereignty, where power ultimately belongs to the people and is exercised through their elected representatives.

1. Function of the General Election
- The general election is a process through which citizens vote to choose their representatives in government. It ensures that the government reflects the will of the people, promotes political participation, and holds elected officials accountable by allowing voters to replace them if they do not perform well.

2. What is a Political Party?
- A political party is an organized group that seeks to gain political power by nominating candidates for public office. Parties help structure political debate, represent different interests, and provide voters with choices during elections.

3. Relationship Between Representative
- Institutions, Political Parties, and People’s Sovereignty
Representative institutions, like parliaments or congresses, are bodies where elected officials make laws and decisions on behalf of the people. Political parties organize these elections and help translate public opinions into policies. Together, they uphold people’s sovereignty by ensuring that government authority comes from the consent of the governed, within constitutional rules that protect rights and prevent misuse of power.

NAME: Widya Pratiwi
NPM: 2412011332

1. Functions of General Elections (Pemilu)
General elections have four main functions. First, they enable the orderly and peaceful transition of government leadership. Second, they facilitate the replacement of officials who represent the people's interests in representative institutions. Third, they realize the principle of popular sovereignty by involving citizens in choosing their representatives. Fourth, they uphold citizens' human rights through political participation. Elections also serve as an instrument to select representatives who are tasked with legislating, overseeing, and channeling public aspirations.

2. Definition of Political Parties
A political party is a national organization formed voluntarily by a group of citizens based on shared ideals. Its purpose is to advocate for the political interests of its members, society, and the state, as well as to maintain the unity of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945). According to Miriam Budiardjo, a political party aims to gain power constitutionally to implement policies. Its functions include political communication, socialization of democratic values, cadre recruitment, and conflict management.

3. Relationship Between Representative Institutions, Political Parties, and Popular Sovereignty
Popular sovereignty (Article 1, Paragraph 2 of the 1945 Constitution) is realized through a representative system. Political parties act as a link between the people and representative institutions by preparing cadres to be elected in general elections and channeling public aspirations. Representative institutions (DPR/DPD) carry out the people's mandate through legislative, budgeting, and supervisory functions. Elections serve as a means for the people to give mandates to representative institutions, while political parties ensure that policies made align with public aspirations. Thus, these three elements form a mutually supportive democratic cycle.

1. To choose representatives who will speak for our rights, hold representatives accountable, and shape public policy.
2. A platform for citizens to participate in the political process, where citizens can choose and be chosen to hold political power through political parties.
3. Repsentatives institutions make decisions on behalf of the people, while political parties shape the composition and policies of these institutions. People can use their Sovereignty by voting their representatives, whis relationship ensures that power is distributed and the people's voices are heard.

1. A general election serves several important functions in a democratic system:
• Choosing Leaders: It allows citizens to elect representatives (such as members of parliament, president, etc.) to govern on their behalf.
• Legitimizing Government: Elections give legitimacy to the government by showing it has the consent of the people.
• Promoting Accountability: Elected officials are held accountable to the public and risk losing office if they do not perform well.
• Enabling Participation: It provides a peaceful and organized way for citizens to express their political preferences and influence government decisions.
• Ensuring Representation: It ensures that diverse voices and interests in society are reflected in political institutions.

2. A political party is an organized group of people who share common political beliefs and goals. Key features include:
• Aims to Gain Power: Political parties compete in elections to gain control of government positions.
• Policy Development: They develop policies and platforms that address public issues.
• Mobilizing Voters: Parties encourage people to participate in elections and support their candidates.
• Training Leaders: They prepare and promote individuals to take on leadership roles in government.
• Link Between People and Government: Parties serve as a bridge between the general population and political institutions.

3. These three elements are deeply interconnected in a democracy:
• People's Sovereignty: This is the principle that power ultimately belongs to the people. In a democracy, the people are the highest authority.
• Political Parties: They act as a vehicle for people's sovereignty by organizing citizen preferences and presenting them in the form of policies and candidates.
• Representative Institutions: These are bodies like parliaments or congresses where elected officials debate and make laws. Members are usually elected through general elections, often as representatives of political parties.

1. Jimly Asshiddiqie mentioned that the purpose of The purpose of organizing general elections is 4 (four), namely: a. to allow for an orderly and peaceful transition of government leadership; b. allowing for a change of officials who will represent the interests of the people in representative institutions; c. to implement the principle of popular sovereignty; and d. to implement the principle of human rights of citizens
2. Miriam Budiardjo defines a political party as a organized group whose members have the same values and ideals. The purpose of this group is to obtain political power (usually) by constitutional means to implement their policies. Based on this definition, political parties are generally realized based on the equality of will or ideals that will be achieved together.
3. people have the power (sovereignty).
and then they choose political parties that they trust, the parties who win send representatives to parliament. Those institutions act on behalf of people on making decisions and laws.

So, representative institutions and political parties are the tools through which the people’s sovereignty is carried out in a democratic system.

1. A general election lets the people choose leaders or representatives. It legitimizes power, ensures accountability, represents diverse views, and allows peaceful transitions of government.

2. A political party is a group with shared ideas that competes for power through elections. It organizes public support, proposes policies, and helps form governments.

3. The people hold ultimate power (sovereignty) and express it through elections. Political parties organize this process by presenting candidates and ideas. Representative institutions, like parliaments, enact laws based on what the people want, ensuring democracy works.

1. A general election is a way for people to choose their leaders. It has several important roles:
-Choosing Leaders: People vote to pick who will represent them in government.
-Giving Power to the People: Elections show that the government gets its power from the people.
-Checking the Government: If leaders do a bad job, people can replace them in the next election.
-Peaceful Change: Elections allow leaders to change without violence.
-Encouraging Participation: People learn about politics and get involved through voting.

2.A political party is an organized group of individuals who share common political beliefs, ideologies, or policy goals and work together to influence public policy and government by gaining and exercising political power—typically through the electoral process. Political parties play a crucial role in democratic systems, acting as intermediaries between the state and society.
A political party is a group of people who work together to gain political power through elections.

3. The people are the source of power (sovereignty), political parties are the bridge connecting them to the state, and representative institutions are the stage where this power is exercised and materialized. For democracy to function effectively, this triangle must be empirically grounded, normatively aligned, and institutionally robust. The health of democratic governance depends on the synergy among these three pillars.

1. Function of General Elections: General elections serve to allow citizens to choose their representatives, provide legitimacy to government, ensure accountability of leaders, and enable peaceful transfers of power in democratic systems.

2. What is a Political Party: A political party is an organized group of people with shared political beliefs who work together to win elections and influence government policy.

3. Relationship between representative institutions, political parties, and people's sovereignty: Political parties compete in elections to gain control of representative institutions (like parliaments), which then exercise the sovereign power that ultimately belongs to the people, creating a chain of democratic legitimacy from citizens to government.​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

1. The functions of elections include serving as an implementation of democratic principles, allowing the people to actively participate in the political process. Elections function as a means of selecting leaders and representatives who will carry out the people's mandate, as well as providing an opportunity to evaluate the performance of those in power. Through elections, citizens can express their political preferences and hold their leaders accountable, making it a crucial mechanism for sustaining a democratic system.

2. Political parties are a gathering place for people who have the same vision, mission and goals in politics and democracy, a place for cadre of prospective leaders both at the central and regional levels, as a place for people to learn and channel their political aspirations.

3. The sovereignty of the people is exercised through elections, where the people elect their representatives through political parties to sit in representative institutions. Political parties are the main link between the people and representative institutions, but in practice, representatives are often more bound by party policies than the aspirations of the people.

1. Elections are held to choose members of the House of Representatives, members of the Regional Representatives Council, the President and Vice President, and members of the Regional Representatives Council. This is a way to make sure that the people can choose their representatives and form a democratic state government based on the principles of the 1945 Constitution.

2. According to Law No. 2/2008 on Political Parties, as amended by Law No. 2/2011, a political party is a national organization formed by Indonesian citizens who voluntarily come together based on shared ideals and goals. These parties fight for and defend the political interests of their members, society, the nation, and the state. They also maintain the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, based on the principles of the 1945 Constitution and the philosophy of Pancasil.

3. In a democratic system, representative institutions (such as the DPR), political parties, and popular sovereignty are closely related. Representative institutions provide platforms through which popular sovereignty is expressed via elections and political representation. Political parties act as mediators between the people and these institutions, organizing the people's aspirations and interests to be realized in public policy.

1. A general election in Indonesia is a nationwide process where citizens have the opportunity to choose their representatives for various levels of government, including the national legislature (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR), regional representative councils, and the president and vice president. Indonesian voters select members of the DPR who represent their electoral districts, and these representatives together form the legislative body responsible for making national laws. The general election also determines which political parties gain seats in the legislature and influences the composition of the executive branch through the presidential election.

2. A political party is an organized group of people who share similar political beliefs and goals. These groups work together to influence government policy and win political power by nominating candidates for public office and campaigning for their election. Political parties develop manifestos, which are documents outlining their proposed policies and priorities, and present these to the public during elections

3. The relationship between representative institutions, political parties, and people’s sovereignty is deeply interconnected. Representative institutions, such as parliaments, are the bodies where elected officials debate and make laws on behalf of the people. Political parties act as intermediaries between the public and these institutions, organizing the selection of candidates and shaping policy platforms that reflect the preferences of their supporters. Through general elections, the people exercise their sovereignty by choosing representatives, usually from among the candidates put forward by political parties.

1. According to Jimly Asshiddiqie, elections have four main objectives namely as a means for the orderly and peaceful transition of government leadership, the replacement of officials who represent the people, the realization of the sovereignty of the people, and the implementation of the human rights of citizens.

2. According to Law Number 2 of 2011, a political party is a national organization formed voluntarily by a group of Indonesian citizens based on shared will and ideals to advocate for and defend the political interests of its members, society, the nation, and the state, while also maintaining the integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. Miriam Budiardjo also states that a political party is an organized group with the aim of obtaining power constitutionally in order to implement their policies.

3. Sovereignty is in the hands of the people and is exercised through a representative system, where the people elect their representatives in elections that are direct, general, free, secret, honest, and fair. Representative institutions such as the House of Representatives (DPR) and Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) are filled by members of political parties, as political parties are official participants in elections as regulated by the 1945 Constitution and election laws.

1.To choose leaders (president, parliament, regional heads).
To form a legitimate government.
To ensure people’s participation in democracy.

2. A political party is a group of people with similar political ideas that aims to gain power by participating in elections and representing the people in government.

3.People’s sovereignty means power belongs to the people.
Political parties are a way for people to express their political will.
Representative institutions (like DPR/DPRD) are filled with people chosen through elections by political parties, to represent the people’s voice in government.