Alicia Gwen Halim
2511031088
Accounting
1. Organizational change is adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization.
Forces and change in today’s organizations : Technology, competition, customer needs, workforce diversity, economic & political pressures.

2.1. Exploration – creativity, idea generation.
2. Cooperation – coordination, open innovation, partnerships.
3. Entrepreneurship – idea champions, new-venture teams.

3.Creativity = source of new ideas.
Idea incubators = safe space to develop ideas.
Horizontal linkages = cross-department cooperation.
Open innovation = ideas from outside partners.
Idea champions = push ideas forward.
New-venture teams = implement innovations.

4. Because Skills, attitudes, and values must shift for change to succeed. Also
culture shapes behavior; without cultural change, structural/tech changes fail.

5.Organization Development (OD): Planned process using behavioral science to improve effectiveness.
Large group interventions: Bring many stakeholders together to plan and implement change.

Alicia Gwen Halim

Accounting Department

2511031088

1. The borderless world means globalization is reducing barriers between nations, so trade, investment, and information move more freely.
Issues of particular concern for managers include:
-Competing in intense global markets.
-Dealing with cultural differences.

2.
-Exporting: Sending goods/services abroad from the home country.
-Licensing/Franchising: Giving foreign firms rights to use a company’s products, brand, or processes.
-Joint Ventures/Alliances: Partnering with local firms to share resources and risks.
-Direct Investment: Establishing subsidiaries or facilities in another country for full control.

3.International management is Managing business operations across multiple countries.
Differences from domestic management:
Must deal with cultural diversity, Operates under different legal and political systems, and faces economic differences.

4.Economic dissimilarities : Income levels, and currency stability. 
Sociocultural dissimilarities: Language, religion, and values. 
Legal-political dissimilarities: Laws, regulations, and government stability influence business risks. 

5. Regional alliances remove trade barriers between member nations, creating larger markets and more competition. They reshape business by expanding access to customers and resources. 

6. Characteristics :

-Operates in more than one country.