Intan Nurvadila
2211031146
1. Explain how to compose the first draft of a message using a variety of sentence types and avoiding sentence fragments, run-on sentences, and comma splices.
When I write the first draft of a message, I make sure to mix different sentence types so that my writing feels more dynamic. I use a balance of simple, compound, and complex sentences. To avoid sentence fragments, I always check that every sentence has both a subject and a verb. I also pay attention to long sentences that might turn into run-ons or comma splices, and I usually solve this by breaking them into shorter parts or using the right conjunctions.
2. Explain how to improve your writing techniques by emphasizing important ideas, employing the active and passive voice effectively, using parallelism, and preventing dangling and misplaced modifiers.
I improve my writing by placing important ideas where they are most visible, usually at the beginning or end of a sentence. I use the active voice when I want the message to sound more direct, but I choose the passive voice when I want the focus to stay on the action instead of the subject. I also practice parallelism so my writing looks consistent, especially in lists or instructions. To make sure my sentences are clear, I check for dangling or misplaced modifiers and revise them so they point to the correct words.
3. Explain how to draft well-organized paragraphs using (a) the direct plan to define, classify, illustrate, or describe; (b) the pivoting plan to compare and contrast; or (c) the indirect plan to explain and persuade. Paragraphs should include (a) topic sentences, (b) support sentences, and (c) transitional expressions to build coherence.
When drafting paragraphs, I always start with a plan. If I want to define, describe, or illustrate, I choose the direct plan by writing the topic sentence first and then supporting it with examples. If my goal is to compare and contrast, I use the pivoting plan where I explain one idea and then shift to the other. For persuasion, I apply the indirect plan, which lets me build background first before delivering the main point. I also make sure each paragraph contains a clear topic sentence, well-developed supporting details, and transitional expressions that create smooth flow.
4. Explain how to polish business messages by revising for conciseness, which includes eliminating flabby expressions, long lead-ins, there is/are and it is/was fillers, redundancies, and empty words, as well as condensing for microblogging.
To polish business messages, I always revise with conciseness in mind. I remove flabby expressions like “due to the fact that” and replace them with shorter words such as “because.” I avoid long lead-ins, unnecessary fillers, and phrases that do not add meaning. Redundancies like “each and every” are also cut to keep the message sharp. When adapting my writing for microblogging, I condense further but make sure the main point is not lost.
5. Explain how to improve clarity in business messages by keeping the ideas simple, slashing trite business phrases, dropping clichés, scrapping slang and buzzwords, rescuing buried verbs, and restraining exuberance.
I improve clarity by expressing ideas in simple and straightforward language. I avoid trite business phrases that sound outdated and I cut clichés that do not add value. I also avoid slang and trendy buzzwords so the message stays professional. To make sentences stronger, I use direct verbs instead of hiding them inside nouns. For example, I write “analyze” instead of “conduct an analysis.” Finally, I control my tone by avoiding too many exclamation marks or overly dramatic words.
6. Explain how to recognize proofreading problem areas, and apply effective techniques to catch mistakes in both routine and complex documents.
When proofreading, I pay extra attention to spelling, punctuation, and subject–verb agreement. In longer documents, I also check formatting, numbering, and references for consistency. One of my techniques is to proofread slowly and sometimes read the text aloud so I can catch mistakes more easily. I also like to take breaks before proofreading because it helps me see the text with fresh eyes. Digital tools are helpful, but I always combine them with manual checking.
7. Explain how to evaluate a message to judge its effectiveness.
To evaluate a message, I ask myself whether it reaches its purpose, whether it informs, persuades, or requests action clearly. I also check if the message is concise, audience-centered, and appropriate in tone. Organization is another important aspect, so I make sure the message flows logically and includes enough support for the main points. If all these criteria are met, I can judge the message as effective.
2211031146
1. Explain how to compose the first draft of a message using a variety of sentence types and avoiding sentence fragments, run-on sentences, and comma splices.
When I write the first draft of a message, I make sure to mix different sentence types so that my writing feels more dynamic. I use a balance of simple, compound, and complex sentences. To avoid sentence fragments, I always check that every sentence has both a subject and a verb. I also pay attention to long sentences that might turn into run-ons or comma splices, and I usually solve this by breaking them into shorter parts or using the right conjunctions.
2. Explain how to improve your writing techniques by emphasizing important ideas, employing the active and passive voice effectively, using parallelism, and preventing dangling and misplaced modifiers.
I improve my writing by placing important ideas where they are most visible, usually at the beginning or end of a sentence. I use the active voice when I want the message to sound more direct, but I choose the passive voice when I want the focus to stay on the action instead of the subject. I also practice parallelism so my writing looks consistent, especially in lists or instructions. To make sure my sentences are clear, I check for dangling or misplaced modifiers and revise them so they point to the correct words.
3. Explain how to draft well-organized paragraphs using (a) the direct plan to define, classify, illustrate, or describe; (b) the pivoting plan to compare and contrast; or (c) the indirect plan to explain and persuade. Paragraphs should include (a) topic sentences, (b) support sentences, and (c) transitional expressions to build coherence.
When drafting paragraphs, I always start with a plan. If I want to define, describe, or illustrate, I choose the direct plan by writing the topic sentence first and then supporting it with examples. If my goal is to compare and contrast, I use the pivoting plan where I explain one idea and then shift to the other. For persuasion, I apply the indirect plan, which lets me build background first before delivering the main point. I also make sure each paragraph contains a clear topic sentence, well-developed supporting details, and transitional expressions that create smooth flow.
4. Explain how to polish business messages by revising for conciseness, which includes eliminating flabby expressions, long lead-ins, there is/are and it is/was fillers, redundancies, and empty words, as well as condensing for microblogging.
To polish business messages, I always revise with conciseness in mind. I remove flabby expressions like “due to the fact that” and replace them with shorter words such as “because.” I avoid long lead-ins, unnecessary fillers, and phrases that do not add meaning. Redundancies like “each and every” are also cut to keep the message sharp. When adapting my writing for microblogging, I condense further but make sure the main point is not lost.
5. Explain how to improve clarity in business messages by keeping the ideas simple, slashing trite business phrases, dropping clichés, scrapping slang and buzzwords, rescuing buried verbs, and restraining exuberance.
I improve clarity by expressing ideas in simple and straightforward language. I avoid trite business phrases that sound outdated and I cut clichés that do not add value. I also avoid slang and trendy buzzwords so the message stays professional. To make sentences stronger, I use direct verbs instead of hiding them inside nouns. For example, I write “analyze” instead of “conduct an analysis.” Finally, I control my tone by avoiding too many exclamation marks or overly dramatic words.
6. Explain how to recognize proofreading problem areas, and apply effective techniques to catch mistakes in both routine and complex documents.
When proofreading, I pay extra attention to spelling, punctuation, and subject–verb agreement. In longer documents, I also check formatting, numbering, and references for consistency. One of my techniques is to proofread slowly and sometimes read the text aloud so I can catch mistakes more easily. I also like to take breaks before proofreading because it helps me see the text with fresh eyes. Digital tools are helpful, but I always combine them with manual checking.
7. Explain how to evaluate a message to judge its effectiveness.
To evaluate a message, I ask myself whether it reaches its purpose, whether it informs, persuades, or requests action clearly. I also check if the message is concise, audience-centered, and appropriate in tone. Organization is another important aspect, so I make sure the message flows logically and includes enough support for the main points. If all these criteria are met, I can judge the message as effective.