Muhammad Zahron Zada Hukama 2551021005 Economic Development
1.Cultural diffrences, Ethics & responsibility, Economic & political risks, Diverse workforce, Technology, Sustainability, Legal compliance
2. Exporting – sell products abroad, low risk, low control.Licensing – allow foreign firms to use brand/tech.
Franchising – transfer full business model (e.g., McDonald’s).
Joint Venture/Alliance – partner with local firms, share risk.
Wholly Owned Subsidiary – set up/buy company abroad, high control & cost.
Contract Manufacturing – outsource production overseas.
Turnkey Projects – build & hand over facilities to clients.
3. International management is broader and more complex than domestic management because it must handle cross-border differences in culture, law, politics, and economy.
4. Economic conditions affect costs & demand, sociocultural factors affect marketing & management, and legal-political systems affect rules & risks.
5. Regional trading alliances reshape international business by expanding markets, intensifying competition, reducing barriers, and forcing firms to adapt strategies.
6. An MNC is a large company with operations in multiple countries, centralized control, global strategies, and the ability to adapt to local markets.
7. Cultural intelligence is crucial for managers abroad because it helps them communicate, lead, and make decisions effectively in diverse cultural environments.